English-Learning Podcasts for Teachers and Students

English-Learning Podcasts for Teachers and Students Podcasting gives a methods for distributing sound projects by means of the Internet. Clients can naturally download web recordings (as a rule mp3 documents) onto their PCs and move these chronicles consequently to versatile music players, for example, Apples amazingly famous iPods. Clients would then be able to tune in to the records whenever and anyplace they pick. Podcasting is particularly fascinating for English students as it gives a way to understudies to gain admittance to valid listening sources about practically any subject they may intrigue them. Instructors can exploit digital broadcasts as a reason for listening perception works out, as a methods for producing discussion dependent on understudies response to web recordings, and as a method of giving every single understudy different listening materials. Understudies will clearly discover the capacity to tune in to these web recordings valuable particularly because of its compactness. Another incredibly valuable part of podcasting is its membership model. In this model, clients buy in to a feed utilizing a program. The most well known of these projects, and potentially generally valuable, is iTunes. While iTunes isn't using any and all means exclusively devoted to digital recordings, it provides a simple way to buy in to free web recordings. Another mainstream program is accessible at iPodder, which centers exclusively around buying in to web recordings. Podcasting for English Learners and Teachers While podcasting is generally new, there are now various promising web recordings devoted to English learning. Here is a choice of as well as could be expected find: English Feed English Feed is another digital broadcast I have made. The web recording centers around significant sentence structure and jargon subjects while giving incredible listening practice. You can pursue the digital recording in iTunes, iPodder, or some other podcatching programming. In the event that you arent certain about what podcasting is ( a listening practice that you can get consequently), you should investigate this short prologue to podcasting. The Word Nerds This digital recording is exceptionally proficient, conveys fantastic data about pertinent subjects and is a great deal of fun. Made for local speakers of English who appreciate finding out about the intricate details of the language, The Word Nerds web recording is additionally great for cutting edge level English students - particularly the individuals who are keen on informal English. English Teacher John Show Podcast John centers around justifiable English talking in an incredibly unmistakable voice (some may locate the ideal articulation unnatural) gives helpful English exercise - perfect for middle of the road level students. ESLPod One of the more develop - on the off chance that you can say that anything is adult now - webcasts devoted to ESL learning. The webcasts incorporate propelled jargon and subjects which will demonstrate particularly valuable for English for Academic Purposes classes. Elocution is moderate and clear, if rather unnatural. Flo-Joe Likewise, a business site for educators and understudies getting ready for Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE), Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) and Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE). Propelled level English podcasting with an unequivocally British articulation - both as far as elocution and topics about British life.

Psychology in Marketing free essay sample

Before we start, a meaning of what shopper brain science is and what it means will be given. â€Å"The term purchaser brain research alludes to the investigation of how individuals identify with the products and enterprises they use in their day by day lives. Otherwise called the investigation of buyer conduct, purchaser brain research gives chances to inspect issues, for example, what components are most significant when individuals choose to buy a specific thing, how clients decide the estimation of administration, and whether TV and magazine promotions can persuade a hesitant shopper to attempt another item for the first time† (Hinders, 2010). Buyer brain science assumes such a significant job in showcasing, promoting, financial matters and social and intellectual brain science. Purchaser brain science is such a multifaceted piece of promoting and the economy that the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology (IAREP) and the Society for the Advancement of Behavioral Economics (SABE) has a yearly meeting. We will compose a custom article test on Brain science in Marketing or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The yearly gathering is intended to talk about the logical premise of the financial dynamic procedure of people and the mind boggling requirements and deficiencies also (Kirchler Hoelzl, 2006). Different ideas create from these mental gatherings that numerous tacticians use in the promoting of their item. A regularly utilized idea is the promoting idea and an augmentation of this idea is green and social advertising. The basic methodology in the showcasing idea is that the â€Å"marketer should focus on the customers’ needs and needs so as to accomplish and keep up effective business relationships†(Vazifehdust, Taghipourian, Gharib, 2011). While that might be were the buyer brain research started, it has changed in its structure to impact how the client feel and to decide for them. To not really consider the shopper needs, yet to cause them to accept that they need the item. Green advertising exploits customers’ ability to buy, and in some cases pay a premium for, items that give private advantages just as open natural advantages. John B. Watson was a customer therapist. He proposed that his advertisement for the Johnson Johnson’s child powder play on the uneasiness and instabilities of new moms. This was a beginning of perceiving how one could influence the passionate intrigue and influence a consumer’s perspective about an item to buy. His method of perceiving the passionate intrigue of promoting stays a foundation of purchaser brain science today† (Hinders, 2010). While customer brain research assumes a significant job in advertising, it is continually advancing. It in configuration is the thing that makes a buyer thinks he needs and needs. It is to cause the shopper to feel great about the buy and that the two gatherings leave fee ling satisfied. It has gone from asking the client or purchaser what he needs, yet centers around what the market accepts he should buy or own. References Hinders, D. 2010, May). What is Consumer Psychology? Recovered from http://wisegeek. com/what-is-shopper brain research. htm Kirchler, E. , Hoelzl, E. (2006). A quarter century of the Journal of Economics Psychology (1981-2005): A report on the advancement of an interdisclinary field of research. Diary of Economic Psychology, 27(32), 793-804. Vazifehdust, H. , Taghipourian, M. J. , Gharib, Z. (2011, November). Social Marketing, Green Marketing: The Extension of Marketing Concept. European Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 1450-2775(41), 42 - 57.

Taking the Benzodiazepine Ativan (Lorazepam)

Taking the Benzodiazepine Ativan (Lorazepam) Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Precautions for Benzodiazepine Ativan (Lorazepam) By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 17, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 08, 2020 Ariel Skelley/Blend Images/Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Indications Precautions Possible Interactions Side Effects Withdrawal Addiction and Dependence Managing Your Prescription View All Back To Top Ativan, known by the generic name lorazepam, is an anti-anxiety medication in the benzodiazepine family. It has a tranquilizing or quieting effect on the central nervous system.   It has actions similar to other medications in this family such as Valium (diazepam), Xanax (alprazolam), and Librium (chlordiazepoxide). Indications Ativan is FDA approved for the treatment of anxiety disorders and for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms. Ativan is also used to treat anxiety associated with depression. Ativan is not meant to be used for the anxiety associated with everyday life stresses and worries. Examples of anxiety disorders Ativan is used to treat include: Generalized anxiety disorderSocial anxiety disorderPanic disorder Ativan is also frequently prescribed short term for other conditions. These include: Insomnia  Agitation  Tremor and akathisiaCatatoniaAlcohol withdrawal treatmentTreating spastic disorders and other types of muscle spasms, such as those seen in people with cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosisCertain types of seizuresChemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Precautions As with all the benzodiazepines, prolonged use of Ativan may lead to physical and/or psychological dependence (see below), especially when used at higher doses for longer periods of time.  There is also the potential for abuse in patients with a history of alcohol or drug problems. People who have a history of alcohol or drug problems should be closely monitored while using Ativan. For the reason that Ativan acts as a central nervous system depressant, the usual warnings about not driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how the drug affects you apply. In one study, it was found that Ativan could impair driving even more than alcohol.?? In addition, if you have liver or kidney problems, your doctor should monitor the effects of Ativan closely, as you may not metabolize the medication as effectively. The same is true for those who have any breathing problems such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or sleep apnea. Medications such as Ativan can affect respiration. This can be of concern alone, but especially when Ativan is combined with other central nervous system depressants such as pain medications or alcohol. Finally, Ativan may cause a paradoxical reaction, which causes a person to become more agitated, not less. This is more commonly seen in children and the elderly. Can Ativan Be Taken During Pregnancy? Ativan is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Also,  Ativan is secreted in breast milk, and should not be taken by nursing mothers unless the benefit of taking the drug is considered greater than the risk to the baby. Possible Interactions Ativan should be used with caution in patients who take other drugs that depress the central nervous system. These include: AlcoholBarbituratesAntipsychotic drugsOther benzodiazepines and sedatives (its important to note that many people are inadvertently treated with more than one benzodiazepine without realizing it)AntidepressantsAllergy medicines that make you drowsyNarcotic painkillers like VicodinAnticonvulsants (many of which are used as mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder)Anesthetics Side Effects Ativan depresses or quiets down the nervous system. The most common side effects are sedation, dizziness, weakness, unsteadiness, and cognitive changes. Other Ativan side effects  are possible â€" this list is not all-inclusive. If you have any worries or new symptoms while taking Ativan, please talk to your doctor.   Withdrawal Withdrawal symptoms may occur in some people who stop taking Ativan, especially if they have used them at high enough dosages for many weeks or more. Withdrawal from Ativan, unlike many drugs, can be very serious and even result in death. If you have been using benzodiazepine medications for more than a few weeks, always talk to your doctor, even if you have been getting prescriptions from different doctors. Tapering the Ativan dose down, instead of stopping it abruptly, helps eliminate or minimize any potential withdrawal symptoms. Again its extremely important to point out that you should never stop benzodiazepines (even if obtained illegally) without talking to a healthcare provider. Your doctor can design a withdrawal schedule which will get you off the drug without risking your health or your life. Even if you wean off of Ativan, if you have been taking it for some time you may experience uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms. Possible withdrawal symptoms from Ativan include: IrritabilityRebound anxiety â€" Rebound anxiety is a very important symptom  to note, as many people were started on Ativan in the first place to alleviate anxiety. If your symptoms of anxiety occur shortly after weaning down your dose or discontinuing your medications altogether, it is possible that this is a symptom of withdrawal rather than a revival of your anxiety.Trouble sleeping â€" Insomnia is extremely common when withdrawing from Ativan. Talk to your doctor about methods to manage your insomnia so that you are not discouraged.Seizures Addiction and Dependence Addiction and dependence on benzodiazepine medications are all too common, even if these drugs have been prescribed for clear medical reasons. Its thought that 20 to 30 percent of people who use medications such as Ativan for a long period of time will develop dependence.?? Whereas withdrawal from medications such as narcotics can be extremely uncomfortable but rarely fatal, withdrawal from benzodiazepines carries many risks including fatality. Learn more about addiction and dependence on benzodiazepines such as Ativan. Managing Your Prescription Ativan can provide great relief when given for the right purposes. If your doctor prescribes it, please discuss any worries you have and be sure to get all your questions answered. If your doctor prescribes this drug it is very likely that there is a clear indication for its use. That said, there are still times when it may be prescribed inappropriately. Your best bet is to be your own advocate in your medical care and carefully consider the possible benefits as well as the side effects of any medication you use.

Watergate - 643 Words

Watergate Student’s Name Professor Course Institution Date The Watergate Scandal was considered one of the most of disturbing political scandals in the history of America. This Scandal brought down a President and his administration, also made the American public distrust the government which still goes on today. In 1972 there were two break-ins at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, located in the Watergate office and apartment complex located in Washington D.C. The first was 27, 1972 and was performed by G. Gordon Liddy the leader of the group called â€Å" The Plumbers†, E. Howard Hunt, and James W. McCord along with six members of a group known as â€Å"the Plumbers†. The break- in was used to†¦show more content†¦James McCord and G Gordon Liddy stood trial and were convicted of conspiracy. The Watergate Scandal was broke to the public by Reporters for the Washington Post Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, from information passed to them by a Member of the White House code name as Deep Throat (Mar k Felt). With the information that was given to the reporters it showed that many of the President’s staff was involved to include the President. It was revealed that President Nixon had a voice activated taping system installed in the Oval office for all his conversations and phone calls. Confirmed to the Senate in July 1973 by White House aide Alexander Butterfield, after it was revealed it was dismantled and put in Alexander Haig’s custody. Earlier that year Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox and the Senate Committee issued subpoenas for the tapes. Which President Nixon refused claiming executive privilege, when the President finally turned ove r the tapes it was found that to have a 181/2 minute gap in the tapes. Rose Mary Woods, President Nixon secretary admitted that while reviewing and transcribing the tapes that for the Senate committee she accidentally hit the record button while answering a phone call and erased about 5 minutes, she claims that she had nothin g to do with the other 13 minutes. The contents of the missing 18  ½ minutes may never be known, although it is believed to contain a conversation between President Nixon and Chief ofShow MoreRelatedWatergate Of The Watergate Scandal1135 Words   |  5 PagesWatergate Scandal The Watergate Scandal happened almost 43 years ago; the event will never be forgotten. The Watergate scandal defined, perhaps for the first time, that a president of the United States could be portrayed as untrustworthy. Richard Nixon ran for a second term in 1972, in which he won by a huge margin. The Democratic Party had their headquarters at the high-end Watergate hotel. The break-in happened on June 17th, 1972, in which a security guard noticed the tape on the door lockRead MoreWatergate670 Words   |  3 PagesVery few American’s over the age of 20 do not know about Watergate. They have seen the plots in movies, history books, TV shows, and Made for TV movies. Some of the media plots are real and some not so much. Contrary to popular belief â€Å"Forest Gump† was not the person to crack open Watergate [ (Groom, 1994) ]. That honor goes to a simple security guard at the Watergate Complex, Frank Wills [ (AHC, 2012) ]. Mr. Willis was making his rounds when he became aware of tape covering the locks on theRead MoreWatergate740 Words   |  3 PagesWatergate Lucia San Nicolas HIS/145 October 19, 2011 Marciano Flores Watergate The Watergate scandal shocked millions of Americans when it was revealed in 1972. The president at that time was Richard M. Nixon, who himself was involved within the scandal. The Watergate scandal took place in 1972 when a group of five men broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office complex in Washington. The five men involved in this burglary were eventuallyRead MoreWatergate637 Words   |  3 PagesWatergate Scandal Ever since the beginning of time, scandals have occurred. But one of the biggest and infamous scandals is the Watergate. Approximately forty years ago from date, a Watergate protector found a small portion of tape attached on the lock of on the National Democratic Headquarters door. Then it all began. The Watergate’s attempted break in was a part of a bigger operation by President Nixon. The rumor was Nixon’s supporters and people involved in the scandal wanted to tarnish theRead MoreWatergate722 Words   |  3 Pagesstory of Watergate is both historically and politically interesting. It began to occur from the Pentagon Papers, in which Daniel Ellsberg handed over to the press. The Pentagon Papers contained secret documents outlining the history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam (p.848).These secret documents would bring to light the deception of the the morning of June 17, 1972, at 2:30 a.m. 5 burglars were arrested inside the office of the Democratic National Committee, located inside of the Watergate buildingRead MoreWatergate3095 Words   |  13 PagesRunning head: WATERGATE 1 WATERGATE DEVRY UNIVERSITY ONLINE. OCTOBER 20, 2014 WATERGATE 2 INTRODUCTION Watergate is a word that will forever be connected to the 37th President, Richard Nixon. What started out as a botched robbery at the Democratic Reelection headquarters would later become know for bringing down the Presidency. The American public would be able to see and hear firsthand what actually occurred in the Whitehouse behind closed doors, becauseRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal1543 Words   |  7 Pagestrustworthy – or so they thought. Unfortunately, shortly after Nixon was elected to his second term of presidency in 1972, the Watergate Scandal changed America forever by creating a sense of mistrust toward the government for the American people because of The Nixon Administration’s actions. It all began on Sunday, June 18, 1972 when Frank Wills, security guard at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., found a piece of tape that was preventing a door from locking. After removing the pieceRead MoreWatergate Complex After The Watergate1781 Words   |  8 Pagesin the Watergate complex after signs of breaking in were found on the doors. No one at that time knew this subtle crime would lead to the greatest scandal in the US history and the resignation of the current President, Richard Nixon. Evidences later showed that the Watergate Incident was only a mere part of the ugly crimes the Nixon Administration had committed to achieve their ultimate goal of reelection, and Nixon had intentionally attempted a cover up to save his reputation. The Watergate incidentRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal2082 Words   |  9 PagesThe Watergate Scandal Richard Milhous Nixon was the thirty-seventh President of the United States of America from 1969 until 1974. Nixon completed his first term as President in 1973 and was re-elected for the position for the next four years. However, Nixon would have his time in the White House cut short by the series of events that occurred in the twenty-six months that followed the Watergate burglary. On June 17, 1972 five men, one White House employee and four Cubans, broke into the WatergateRead MoreWatergate Scandal2036 Words   |  9 PagesThe Watergate Scandal Essay written by Unknown The Watergate Scandal was a series of crimes committed by the President and his staff, who were found to spied on and harassed political opponents, accepted illegal campaign contributions, and covered up their own misdeeds. On June 17, 1972, The Washington Post published a small story. In this story the reporters stated that five men had been arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Commi ttee. The headquarters was located in

Fuel Energizer - 4518 Words

SEMINAR REPORT ON FUEL ENERGIZER Fuel energizer 2 www.techalone.com ABSTRACT In this era of increasing fuel prices, here a device called ‘FUEL ENERGIZER’ help us to Reduce Petrol /Diesel /Cooking gas consumption up to 28%, or in other words this would equal to buying the fuel up to 28% cheaper prices. When fuel flow through powerful magnetic field created by Magnetizer Fuel Energizer, The hydrocarbons change their orientation and molecules in them change their configuration. Result: Molecules get realigned, and actively into locked with oxygen during combustion to produce a near complete burning of fuel in combustion chamber. Mechanical engineering . www.techalone.com Fuel energizer 3 www.techalone.com CONTENTS 1.†¦show more content†¦HOW IT INSTALL? Magnetizer fuel energizer (eg:- Neodymium super conductor – NSCM) is installed on cars, trucks immediately before carburetor or injector on fuel line. On home cooking gas system it is installed just before burner. Mechanical engineering . www.techalone.com Fuel energizer 8 www.techalone.com THE MAGNETIZER HYDROCARBON FUEL The simplest of hydrocarbons, methane, (CH4) is the major (90%) constituent of natural gas (fuel) and an important source of hydrogen. Its molecule is composed of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, and is electrically neutral. From the energy point of view, the greatest amount of releasable energy lies in the hydrogen atom. Why? In octane (C8H18) the carbon content of the molecule is 84.2%. When combusted, the carbon portion of the molecule will generate 12,244 BTU (per pound of carbon). On the other hand, the hydrogen, which comprises only 15.8% of the molecular weight, will generate an amazing 9,801 BTU of heat per pound of hydrogen. Hydrogen, the lightest and most basic element known to man, is the major constituent of hydrocarbon fuels (besides carbon and smaller amount of sulphur and inert gases). It has one positive charge (proton) and one negative charge (electron), i.e. it possesses a dipole moment. It can be either diamagnetic or paramagnetic (weaker or stronger respon se to the magnetic flux) depending on the relative orientation of its nucleus spins. Even though it is theShow MoreRelatedToxic Gas And Its Effects On Our Planet2385 Words   |  10 Pagesalso it would be a huge leap into the renewable energy operation. Today, most people prefer having wind turbine plants over oil and fossil fuel plants because of the pure electricity that it provides to many homes and farms. Pure energy from the turbine releases no toxins of any sort and is free from any contamination. Other sources of energy such as fossil fuels and oil release toxins that pollute the atmosphere and release hazardous gas emissions. The most straightforward solution to this understandableRead MoreEssay on Concerns about Energy, the Economy and the Environment1860 Words   |  8 Pagesupon some type of energy source to provide reasonable means to accommodate needs; such as to power their homes with electric or to fuel their automobiles for transportation. America and other countries around the globe have efficient power resources that produce and distribute power. Some resources are provided by conventional power plants that use coal and other fuels, nuclear power plants that use coal and steam, and solar power plants that generate power from the sun, as well as wind energy plantsRead MoreCompetitive Forces That Shaped Business Strategy1469 Words   |  6 Pagesto the customer product preferences, a firm can charge above average prices to make up for a low sales quantity. Energizer Holdings, Inc. (Energizer), â€Å"is one of the world’s largest manufacturers, marketers and distributors of household batteries, specialty batteries and lighting products, and a leading designer and marketer of automotive fragrance and appearance products† (Energizer Holdings, Inc., 2016, pg. 4). Regarding the rivalry of firms, Energizer’s main competitor in the premium markets,Read MoreGillette Strategic Marketing Case4093 Words   |  17 PagesWeakness 6 Opportunity 6 Threat 6 Current Business Level Strategy 6 Duracell 6 Energizer 7 Rayovac 7 Challenge Ahead 7 Recommendation 7 Plan of Action 8 Appendices 9 Appendix 1-History 9 Appendix 2-Industry Life Cycle Analysis 10 Appendix 3-Competetive Forces Analysis pre 1996 10 Appendix 4- Competitive Forces Post 1996 11 Appendix 5-Analysis of Industry 11 Duracell 11 Energizer 11 Rayovac 11 Market Analysis 11 Appendix 6-Distinctive Competences for GilletteRead MorePhysical Preparation Of The Body1150 Words   |  5 Pageshormone produced by the adrenal gland in response to stress, low blood sugar and exercise. It supports energy metabolism during long periods of exercise by facilitating the breakdown of triglyceride and protein to create the glucose necessary to help fuel exercise†. (McCall) It is important to be aware of chemical reactions such as this one so a proper workout schedule can be created to allow appropriate proportions of rest and high intensity exercise. Another chemical that is often misunderstood isRead MoreEssay on Physical Education in Schools1787 Words   |  8 Pagestension and stress allowing the brain and the body to connect. Allowing them to be aligned for learning and encourage increased heart rate to fuel the brain with oxygen for better cognition (Roth, 2002); as Haydn-Davies and Kaitell (2010) state these are good learning conditions for children. Although these programmes such as Brain Gym (?), Energizers (?), Wake Up and Shake Up (?) and Move It Brain Breaks (Smith, 2003) suggest frequent, daily use there is no evaluated set time period or frequencyRead MoreExercise : Exercise And Exercise1721 Words   |  7 PagesAerobic exercise places less stress on the body allowing for a faster healing time and an easier recovery. When exercising at a less stressful pace, the body uses glycogen (glycogen is where sugar, also known as glucose, is stored in the body) and fat as fuel (Weil, 2014). When breathing during aerobic exercise the body releases carbon dioxide. As a result, during this type of exercise the body is able to expel the carbon dioxide and breathe in oxygen, resulting in the body not building up lactic acid inRead MoreEntrepreneur Assignment7104 Words   |  29 Pagesinformation and suggest about the problem or task. The coordinator clarifies and synthesizes various ideas in an effort to tie together the work of the me mbers. The points to departures from goals, and raises questions about discussion direction. The energizer stimulates the group to higher levels of work and better quality. As a conclusion, information seeker as a concept bears a diversity of meanings, from everyday to technical setting. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely relatedRead MoreConsumer Behaviour Models and Consumer Behaviour in Tourism8170 Words   |  33 Pagesrational economic man. An alternative’s functional value may be derived from its characteristics or attributes, (Ferber, 1973) such as reliability, durability, and price. For example, the decision to purchase a particular automobile may be based on fuel economy and maintenance record. By identifying the dominant function of a product (i.e., what benefits it provides), marketers can emphasize these benefits in their communication and packaging. Advertisements relevant to the function prompt more favorableRead MorePG India Supply Chain Analysis11039 Words   |  45 Pagesdecade, Pamp;G has invested more than $2 billion in consumer and market research (nearly twice that of its closest competitor, Unilever; and equal to the combined total of its other major competitors—Avon, Clorox Company, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Energizer Holdings, Henkel, Kimberly-Clark, LOreal, and Reckitt Benckiser). Virtually, all the organic sales growth delivered by Pamp;G in the past nine years has come from new brands and new or improved product innovation. The company interacts with more

Adult versus children learning Free Essays

Although it is my opinion that children and adults differ in the degree to which methods facilitate their learning, I still think that both have the ability to profit from the use of those similar methods. Such strategies as rehearsal and repetition seem to work especially well with children, though less so with adults. I believe this has to do with the fact that children naturally find repetition a diverting exercise, while adults generally dislike doing it. We will write a custom essay sample on Adult versus children learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Motivation, therefore, plays a major role in the success of both learners. Such methods of learning as metaphors and imagery would appear to have similar effects on both adults and children. It would seem to me that these methods would work better with adults, who are likely to already possess a schema for much of what is being learned and would thereby be able to make better connections. However, I once read of such learning inhibitors as interference (especially in adult language learning), in which prior knowledge of a language and expectations about learning get in the way of the information to be assimilated (August, 2006). Motivation is also a critical aspect of learning (Zhao Mogan, 2004). Adults tend to be more motivated when learning, and therefore, in such cases will be able to benefit from methods that might otherwise not be conducive to adult learning. I think the efficacy of such methods as repetition is dependent on the person’s willingness to do it. A motivated adult would therefore benefit from repetition as a learning method. For example, a few summers ago I tried to learn German, and even though I stopped after a few months, I find that the motivation I had at the time caused me to learn quite a few vocabulary words via repetition. This is the same method I used as a child while learning Spanish in high school. As an adult, my motivation was to communicate with a Swiss friend whom I was tutoring; as a child, it was to continue getting some of the highest Spanish grades in my class. Both experiences suggest to me that children and adults tend to learn in similar ways. References August, G. (2006). â€Å"So, what’s behind adult English second-language reading?† Bilingual    Research Journal. 30(2), 245-264. Zhao Morgan. (2004). â€Å"Consideration of Age in L2 Attainment – Children, Adolescents and Adults.† Asian EFL Journal. 6(4), 1-13. How to cite Adult versus children learning, Essay examples

Reconstruction Breast Surgery an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Reconstruction Breast Surgery The breasts of a woman have a significant role to play in making her feel confident and happy. If one's breasts are too big, she may feel embarrassed. On the other hand, if the breasts are too small, she may feel insecure and self-conscious (Edwards; Miller Cosmetic Surgery). Thus, breasts of the right shape and size could do wonders to a woman's self-esteem and confidence (Miller Cosmetic Surgery). Need essay sample on "Reconstruction Breast Surgery" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Breast reconstruction surgery provides solutions to these issues. Breast reconstruction is defined as a "field of plastic surgery in which the goal of surgery is to provide the patient with two balanced and symmetrical breasts (Wanzel and Brown)." Breast reconstruction surgery is often made available to women whose breasts had been removed due to breast cancer or those whose breasts underwent abnormal development (Wanzel and Brown). Plastic surgery of the breasts could also consist of either a breast augmentation, breast lift, or breast reduction. The first one is recommended for women with shrunk or underdeveloped breasts. Some women have shrunk breasts after child bearing. Thus, these women resort to breast augmentation to increase breast size where exercise is not enough (Miller Cosmetic Surgery). Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay online? Essay writers suggest: Find Your Helping Hand! On the other hand, the breast lift is recommended for women who suffer from sagging and flattened breasts as a result of weight gain or loss, pregnancy, breast-feeding, or gravity. Through plastic surgery or breast lift, the breasts could get firmer and shapelier and give the appearance of youth (Miller Cosmetic Surgery). Finally, breast reduction is recommended for women who consider big breasts their problem. Physically, having big breasts could give the appearance of being fat or top heavy, which may not be pleasing to some. Moreover, big breasts are heavy to bear, which could affect a womans posture and proper breathing. Big breasts could also cause pain, backache, and difficulty in moving. Psychologically, big breasts could ruin a womans self-esteem, especially if she is a constant subject of ridicule, unwelcome attention, stares, and rude comments (Miller Cosmetic Surgery). Surgical options In surgical breast reconstruction, there are generally two methods that could be used by a plastic surgeon to achieve results. The plastic surgeon could use either breast implants or autologous tissue to reconstruct the breasts. The choice in using one or both methods depends on various factors, such as general health status, breast cancer prognosis, and patient's age. Moreover, the preferences of both the patient and surgeon also matter. Finally, the use of living tissue would also depend on the availability of a suitable donor tissue (Wanzel and Brown). A breast implant like me was a popular choice in breast reconstruction prior to the advent of living tissue breast reconstruction (Brown; Wanzel and Brown). To date, I am still a very viable option for women wanting to have the surgical procedure (Wanzel and Brown). I often replace a mammary tissue after a mastectomy is conducted on a woman diagnosed with breast cancer, or when her breasts are removed (Wanzel and Brown). Breast reconstruction could occur immediately after mastectomy, which means that the plastic surgeon could use spare skin envelope coming from the removed breast, which enables breast reconstruction without the need for tissue expansion. The plastic surgeon could then place me and cover me with the saved skin, and making the new breasts appear natural (Wanzel and Brown). The amount of skin removed during a mastectomy depends on factors such as the location of the biopsy scar and tumor size. In a given scenario where the mastectomy already removed a significant amount of skin from the breast skin, there is a need to use tissue expanders before I am placed on a woman's body. In order to still achieve natural looking breasts and to improve the circulation and healing ability of the skin after mastectomy, tissue expansion is first required in order to allow the remaining breast skin to expand. Through tissue expanders, the remaining skin is stretched in preparation for my arrival. This process could take place either during or after mastectomy (Wanzel and Brown). The process involves the placement if an inflatable object in its collapsed form inside the pocket of the skin. The expander is then inflated through the slow introduction of fluid, which allows the skin to loosen and stabilize around the expander. After about six to twelve weeks, the expander is removed and I am permanently inserted into the pocket under the skin. The final result depends on the choices made by the patient and surgeon as to my texture, size and shape. For example, breast implants are of two shapes: anatomical and round. The patient could choose either, but round implants are cheaper because the anatomical ones, which are shaped more like real breasts, are more difficult to put in and are more expensive (Wanzel and Brown). I could also come as an expandable breast implant, and the procedure is similar to the placement of tissue expanders in the skin. This procedure, which has only been developed recently, only involves a one-staged procedure. The device is inserted only once (Wanzel and Brown). In most cases, I am implanted on the mastectomy site to avoid the creation of new scars. Before the surgery, the patient would be given either general anesthesia or intravenous sedation, whichever might be best to provide her comfort during the procedure (American Society of Plastic Surgeons). Recovery time for women ranges from three to four weeks, although one week may be enough for them to resume regular, non-strenuous activities. After surgery, there is a need to apply gauze or bandages on the incisions. Moreover, a support bra or bandage is needed to support the new breast and minimize swelling. A final note must be made, to the effect that breast reconstruction surgery through the insertion of implants has risks, such as implant rupture and lack of breast firmness (Wanzel and Brown). Works Cited American Society of Plastic Surgeons. "Breast Reconsturction." 2008. 26 Feb. 2008. Brown, S. Lori. "Epidemiology of Silicone-Gel Breast Implants." Epidemiology 13. 3 (2002): S34-S39. Edwards, Benjamin F. "Endoprostheses in Plastic Surgery." The American Journal of Nursing 64.5 (May, 1964): 123-125. Miller Cosmetic Surgery. "Surgery of the Breast." 2007. 26 Feb. 2008. Wanzel, Kyle R. and Mitchell H. Brown. "Reconstructive Breast Surgery." 26 Feb. 2008.

first impressions essays

first impressions essays How do we as people judge what is beautiful? There are no set rules or standards as to what can be called beautiful, so who determines this? Are things just meant to be left in the eye of the beholder? If this is so, and someone else sees this same object as unappealing, then which opinion is to be concluded? In the book Puzzles About Art: An Aesthetics Casebook, there is a case that exemplifies these queries. The case, called The Remains of the Incan Palace on page 30, tells the story of 4 friends hiking through the remote mountainous regions of Peru. The 4 hikers come across an ancient Incan palace, lavishly decorated with gold and jade ornaments and intricate carvings. The 4 hikers then express their opinions, each one different from the others: The first observer merely states, Beautiful, simply beautiful! The second observer acknowledges it as a wonderful discovery, but states, Its one of those ancient extravagances that were designed simply to be stared at; it lacks the warmth and functional humanity that makes things beautiful. The third observer states that since he only cares about bars and restaurants, the discovery does nothing for him. The fourth observer says that it is wonderful, grand, and magnificent, but knowing that it was built with the sweat, pain, and broken lives of slaves for the glorification of a ruling elite, I just cannot find it beautiful. If 4 people come across an object at the same time, and all 4 see this object differently, what is the real truth of the object? The first observer purely says that the Incan palace is beautiful. I feel that this is the most important statement that can be made about any finding or piece of artwork. By the observer stating the first thing that came to his or her mind, that expression shows the true feeling that the artwork gave. If a people are given time they often over analyze what they have se...

Five Terms Related to Submitting a Manuscript

Five Terms Related to Submitting a Manuscript Five Terms Related to Submitting a Manuscript Five Terms Related to Submitting a Manuscript By Maeve Maddox A reader asks about some terms: I’m confused: Whats the difference between Submissions and Query Letters and Cover Letters and Biographies and Resumà ©s? As these terms are often used interchangeably on writing sites, the reader’s confusion is understandable. Perhaps the following explanations can help. 1. Query Letter A query letter is a one-page letter intended to interest an editor in something a writer has written or intends to write. It should address the editor by name (spelled correctly) and begin with a hook: a strong statement that piques the editor’s interest. If the query is about a magazine article, the hook might be the first paragraph of the article. The query should give the editor an idea of the structure and content of the piece being offered. If the offered work is a novel, the letter should include a description of the main theme and story line, including conflict and resolution (how it ends). A query letter should tell why the author is qualified to write the article or book and end with a direct request for the desired magazine assignment or for permission to send a manuscript. 2. Cover Letter When the editor asks to see a manuscript or sample pages, the writer includes a cover letter with the submission: a brief letter to accompany the manuscript or sample. Editors receive hundreds of queries. The cover letter is a practical and courteous way to remind the editor of the particulars of your initial query. Keep it short and don’t try to do any additional selling. It’s enough to say something like this: â€Å"Here’s the short story I queried you about on March 20, 2016. I look forward to hearing from you.† 3. Author’s Bio The shortening bio for biography is the norm in the context of marketing written material. The bio focuses on the writer’s credentials. Publishers want to know if the writer has published before and is qualified to write about the material being offered. They do not want to know about the writer’s dogs, cats, children, hobbies, or any other irrelevancies. 4. Resumà © A resumà © is a brief account of ones education and professional experience. Some of the same information that belongs in a resumà © can also have a place in an author’s bio, but a resumà © will be more comprehensive regarding past employment. A writer who is applying for a job as an editor or a blogger will certainly offer a resumà © to the potential employer. Note: Although the French original is spelled with two accent marks (rà ©Ã‚ ·su ·mà ©) American spelling recognizes both resume and resumà ©. I favor a single accent for two reasons: the first accent is meaningless to most English speakers, but the final accent mark distinguishes the noun and its pronunciation from the verb resume.   For example: â€Å"I started writing my resumà © today, but was interrupted. I’ll resume work on it in the morning.† 5. Submission When an editor asks to see a partial or completed manuscript, the writer prepares a submission that includes a manuscript (partial or complete) and whatever additional material has been requested by an editor or publisher. Before preparing a submission, the writer will consult the publisher’s guidelines to see how the manuscript should be formatted, how it should be sent (by mail or electronically), and what additional enclosures are wanted. The manuscript included in a submission should be as complete and as correct as the writer can make it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeEnglish Grammar 101: Verb MoodEspecially vs. Specially

How does college experience affect future experiences Essay - 1

How does college experience affect future experiences - Essay Example ikely to be exposed to several benefits such as making different friends as well as business connections, in addition to meeting a potential mate or spouse. These are all very important aspects of one’s future life which is very much dependent on these vital early college interactions. More so, college experiences gives one access to various people, allowing an individual to learn more regarding various religions, personalities, as well as cultures, which one may not had prior exposure to in their places of origins, something that widens an individual’s perspective and knowledge(Murphy & Eddy,1998). College life also equips one with critical interpersonal values and skills such as the chance to interact with fellow students and faculty by joining student clubs and organizations, as well as participating in debates and discussions. Through such organizations one develops positive values such as entrepreneurship, critical thinking, exploring of various other career options and provision of networking value. This makes college graduates to be not only more productive in life, have happier lives but also live longer. In addition, college graduates embrace positive values in life such as having health insurance together with retirement plans, thus enabling them to live full and well planned lives (Siegel, 2010). However college experience has got its own consequences such as stress which may result in health issues as well as other related negative consequences due to the need to perform well, AIDS fear, grade competition, career choices as well as several aspects of college environment. Lastly, college debt forces students to delay their financial freedom, marriage as well as other milestones in adult

IMac Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IMac - Assignment Example The system was also not able to fully accept the modules of programming that had used other Microsoft compatible software packages. The failure of highly expensive iMac to run Ronny’s software adversely impacted his confidence level. Ronny’s computer skills were much recognized because he had developed a very interesting geography puzzle for his classmates. He had also been secretly working on the development of a new video game, designed especially to increase the mental reflexes of youngsters. He needed to run the program on the latest machine so he could test the various creative ideas using multimedia and rectify the bugs, if any. The failure of the machines greatly distressed him. The frequent trips to repair shop also made him lose precious time as he wanted to send his video game to the online competition organized by the IBM. Development of video games requires highly sophisticated machines that can run complicated computer programs using multimedia. The testing of software is important part of software development and successful run of each module boosts the confidence of the developer. The failure of iMac to completely accept the program modules that needed other Microsoft compatible software, turned out to be the biggest setback to Ronny’s desire to take part in the competition. iMac is supposed to be the most sophisticated computer that could perform huge number of functions at high speed. But the weakness in the machine to run the important features of Ronny’s programs significantly jolted his confidence in the Apple’s products. Ronny’s father was also not able to buy another computer for him because of the huge amount of money already spent on the expensive iMac. The father was highly proud of his son and knew that advanced computer like iMac would greatly facilitate his son in improving his skills. He had also realized that the latest computer would help his genius son in exploiting his vast potential. His

My Thoughts on Writing Essays -- Writing Education School Essays

My Thoughts on Writing The only thing I care about; the only thing I hope to get from this course, is some improvement in my ability to write what I think -- explain ideas and feelings to other people. I don't give a damn about anything else, and so far I haven't been disappointed. At the beginning of the course I was informed that we were going to be discussing exposition, which isn't so much a kind of writing as a purpose or attitude behind it. This purpose is to explore, unfold, or develop an idea or issue. And the sense I've gotten from our discussion is that the attitude is one of intellectual honesty, of dedication to learning something and reporting what's there , instead of protecting preconceived notions or projecting agendas or otherwise following some kind of "safe" path. "Themewriting" is what we've been calling everything which does the latter. The first example paper we read, the "3 E-Z steps to achieve success" one, is a perfect example of what I've come to consider themewriting. It takes on "success," which it acknowledges in the first paragraph is a complex and abstract concept open to many interpretations. It then says that whatever it is, success is something we can easily achieve by following a simple formula. The elements of the formula itself -- "set goals," "set achievable goals," and "achieve your achievable goals" -- are things we've all heard from self-help videos, counselors, and tea tins. So, cliche -- reliance on stuff the writer already knows and thinks is so True nobody can dispute it -- is a hallmark of themewriting. These reams of term papers are written in response to all sorts of assignments. I wrote one last year for meteorology about weather control which I constructed entirely as ... ...s absolutely necessary. In other words, they have little or no personal commitment to their writing. And why would they? This isn't a piece of writing which boiled up from inside them, driven by some artistic imperative. I got VERY good at the method I was taught in high school, and I've suffered for it. I am acutely aware of a "lost" feeling when faced with the need or desire to succinctly put my own thoughts down on paper -- in a personal letter, in a letter to the editor of the hometown newspaper, or one to a politician to tell him what a weenie he is -- or to write this paper expressing my ideas about writing. I find I have to concentrate hard to write what I want to say without resorting to cliches, bluffing assertions of alleged facts, and the printed equivalent of mumbling-and-hoping-people-get-it, but at least that means I'm learning what to watch for.

Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay

The room access to the presents wireless communicating systems was opened by Guglielmo Marconi when he transmitted the three-dot Morse codification for alphabet ‘ S ‘ by the usage of electromagnetic moving ridges over a 3-KM nexus in 1895. This laid the foundation of modern communicating systems runing from broadcast medium, satellite transmittal and wireless finally come oning to presents cell phones. It would n't be incorrect to state that wireless communicating has so revolutionized our present society A sudden addition has been observed in the enlargement of wireless systems during the last two decennaries. We have seen great development in Wireless communicating systems from 1G narrowband parallel systems in the 1980s to the 2G narrowband digital systems in the 1990s. Now the bing 3G broadband multimedia systems are being deployed. In the interim, research and advancement in the future-generation wideband multimedia wireless systems is smartly being pursued worldwide. To link nomadic users to the populace switched web the United States introduced foremost radiotelephone service by the terminal of the fortiess. Improved Mobile Telephone Service was launched by Bell Systems in 1960s due to which tonss of betterments like direct dialing and addition in bandwidth took topographic point. IMTS formed the bases of the first parallel cellular systems. The term cellular was used due to the fact that coverage countries were disconnected cells, they had a low power sender and receiving system.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEMFigure 1. Block diagram of a general communicating system.ANALOG vs. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSDefinition of DigitalA method of hive awaying, processing and conveying information through the usage of distinguishable electronic or optical pulsations that represent the binary figures 0 and 1.Advantages of Digitallow-cost dependable Easy to pull strings Flexible Compatible with other digital systems The information in digital signifier can merely be transmitted without any debasement through a noisy channel Incorporated websDisadvantages of DigitalSampling Mistake As compared to analogue, larger bandwidth is required in digital communications for the transmittal of the same information. Synchronism in the communications system is required to acknowledge the digital signals, but this is non the instance with linear systems.Definition of AnalogueAnalogue is a transmittal criterion that uses electrical urges to emulate the audio wave form of sound. When you use a phone, the fluctuations in your voice are transformed by a mike into similar fluctuations in an electrical signal and carried down the line to the exchange.Advantages of Analogueless bandwidth is required More AccurateDisadvantages of AnalogueSignal loss and deformation can be seen due to the effects of random noise which is impossible to retrieveGENERATIONS OF CELLULAR SYSTEMSThe construct of cellular telephone was introduced in AMPS, abruptly for Advanced Mobile Phone Systems. AMPS divided the entire country into little parts called cells and this was from where the construct of cellular telephone started. Cellular Systems had many advantages such as they increased quality, capacity, dependability and handiness of nomadic telephone web. The coevalss of cellular systems are described below.FIRST GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEMSFirst coevals cellular telephone systems were introduced in 1980 ‘s. They were based on Analog Frequency Modulation technique. Each channel was assigned a exclusive frequence. First coevals cellular systems offered merely wireless voice services based on parallel engineering. Digital signals were merely used for control information such as dialing a figure etc. These systems were no able to get by with the increasing demands of users besides they had really less capacity and provided hapless voice quality. Some first coevalss systems are Advanced Mobile Telephone System, AMPS NAMPS, AMPS Entire Access Cellular System ( TACS ) Nordic Mobile Telephone System ( NMT-900 )Second GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEMSSecond Generation Cellular Systems provided larger capacity and provided much better services to users compared to first coevals systems. They were based upon Digital Modulation technique which led to great sweetening in web ‘s capacity. Second Generation Systems used multiple entree techniques such as TDMA and FDMA. The biggest draw back of Second Generation Systems was that its different systems were non compatible with each other. Therefore rolling between different systems was non possible. Some of Second Generation Systems are North American Digital Cellular, NADC Global System for Mobile Communication, GSM Pacific Digital Cellular, PDC CDMAONE, IS-95 CDMA In order to get the better of Second Generation compatibility job with increased information rates of modern cyberspace applications, 2.5 Coevals criterions were developed. The best thing about them was that they allowed already bing Second Generation systems to be upgraded so that they can be used for higher information rate transmittal. 2.5 Generation brought a new revolution in cellular telephone by back uping services like high velocity cyberspace and location based nomadic services. Some of 2.5 Generation Mobile Systems are General Packet Radio Service, GPRS Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution, EDGEThird GENERTAION CELLULAR SYSTEMSDesigned to supply high quality and high capacity in informations communicating, Third Generation Systems require sophisticated spreading and transition techniques. Third Generation Systems are aimed to supply voice quality comparable to set down line telephone and besides to back up high informations rate. These systems are compatible with circuit switched every bit good as package switched informations services. They are besides compatible with the bing webs and usage wireless spectrum much more expeditiously than earlier. Some Third Generation Systems are Wideband CDMA, WCDMA Universal Mobile Telephone System, UMTS CDMA 2000BEYOND 3GThe extremely developed version of the 3G nomadic communicating are the 4G nomadic communicating services. It is estimated that 4G nomadic communicating services will give addition in capacity, informations transmittal with high velocity, broadband, HQ colour picture images for users, in writing life games in 3D, sound services in 5.1 channels. For the system and architecture of 4G nomadic communicating many researches are done. Developments are made in the terminal protocol engineering for high velocity package services, larger capacity, enabling downloading application plans by public package platform engineering, multimode wireless entree platform engineering, and high quality media coding engineering over nomadic webs.Why 4G?Servicess like wireless cyberspace and teleconference can be carried by 4G. Global mobility and service portability. Wider bandwidths. Increased spot rates. Less expensive. Mobile webs can easy be scaled. Chapter # 02 Multiplexing is a procedure in which a individual bearer is used to convey several different signals. These several signals are transmitted all together by uniting them and organizing one signal that will efficaciously travel through the bearer bandwidth. When one transmittal is done and the signal reaches the finish point, the incorporate signal re-assembles into its existent signifier and is so received. Multiplexing is one of the most used techniques today in about every communicating system. Because of the technological progress multiplexing, we have seen major addition in efficiency of a broad scope of telephone services and on-line applications. Multiplexing has become an effectual technique that assists in everything from video conferences and web conferences up to bulk informations transmittals and even doing a simple Point-to-Point phone call.FDMA:FDMA is the most usual technique used for multiple accessing. FDMA stands for frequence division multiple entree. It is clear from its name that in this technique the frequence is divided among the users as the available spectrum is shared among them in the frequence sphere. The message signals are transmitted onto bearers for different users utilizing peculiar RF frequences. Within FDMA structural design the Single Channel Per Carrier ( SPSC ) is the simplest method where each channel is provided with a separate bearer. This scheme finds its kernel in the fact that the channels are assigned on the footing of demand. Within a cell all the channels are available to all users all the clip, and the channels are assigned as soons as a message signal is received or a petition is made . Guard sets are used to cut down the opportunities of intervention from next channels. These guard sets are present between the sets allocated for assorted channels. In the execution of the first parallel cellular systems, FDMA is the multiplexing technique that was used.TDMA:Time division multiple entree techniques allots different clip intervals to different users for the transmittal of signals and storage of the information is carried out in one frequence channel non like FDMA which uses one frequence per channel. Users are allowed to utilize the same frequence but the clip slots are divided. In TDMA techniques the available spectrum is divided into little frequence sets as in FDMA, which are farther sub-divided into assorted clip slots. The user can entree the frequence channel merely for clip slot allotted to him. User can utilize sporadically the peculiar continuance of clip. In TDMA systems, guard sets are required between both frequence channels and clip slots.SDMA:SDMA stands for Space-Division Multiple Access. It is a MIMO ( Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output, a multiple aerial conventional architecture ) based radio communicating web architecture. It enables entree to a communicating channel by the procedure of placing the user location and set uping a one-on-one function between the web bandwidth allocation and the acknowledged spacial location that is why it ‘s largely suited for nomadic ad-hoc webs. For bulk of the well known nomadic communicating architectures such as CDMA, TDMA and FDMA, SDMA architecture can be configured and implementedCDMA:CDMA stands for Code division multiple entree. CDMA systems are based on the spread spectrum technique. In which transmittals by all the users are carried out at the same time while operating at the same frequence and utilizing the full spectrum bandwidth. For the designation and extraction of needed transmittal, each user is allotted with a alone codification which can non fit with any other user. This issue of designation is due to the fact that all the users transmit at the same time. To guarantee this privateness, pseudo-random noise codifications or PN codifications are used. These codifications are really the extraneous codifications and its advantage is that it reduces the opportunities of transverse correlativity among themselves. By utilizing this PN codification assigned to the specific user, transition of the message signal from an single user is done. Then we have the CDMA frequence channel through which all the modulated signals from different users are transmitted. At the receiving system ‘s terminal, the coveted signal is so recovered by de-spreading the signal with a reproduction of the PN codification for the specific user. The signals whose PN codifications are non matched with the coveted signal and are assigned to different users are non de-spread and as a consequence are regarded as noise by the receiving system. CDMA differs from both TDMA and FDMA in a manner that it allows users to convey the signal at the same clip and operate at the same nominal frequence so it requires less synchronization whereas in TDMA and FDMA frequence and clip direction is really critical so more dynamic synchronism is required. One more advantage of CDMA is that complete system ‘s spectrum is used by signals and hence no guard sets are required to protect against next channel intervention.Intro to Spread Spectrum CommunicationsFollowing are the major elements that can clearly depict the Spread Spectrum communications: By spread spectrum, bandwidth far in surplus is available than that is necessary to direct the information. Due to this characteristic the transmittal can be protected against intervention and jamming at the same clip supplying multiple entree capableness. An independent codification known as the Pseudo random codification is used for signal spreading across the bandwidth. The distinguishable nature of this codification separates dispersed spectrum communications from typical transition techniques in which transition ever spread ‘s the spectrum slightly. For the recovery of the original signal the receiving system is synchronized to the deterministic imposter random codification. Users can convey the signal at the same clip and operate at the same nominal frequence by utilizing independent codification and synchronal response. In order to protect the signal from intervention a pseudo-random codification is used. It appears to be random to anyone who does non hold its pre-defined cognition but in world is deterministic, it is because of this fact that receiving system is able to retrace the codification needed for the recovery of the needed informations signal. This codification used for synchronal sensing is besides called Pseudo noise sequence.Types of Spread Spectrum CommunicationsSpreading of bandwidth of the signal can be achieved by three ways:Frequency skipingThe signal is shuffled between different Centre frequences within the full bandwidth available to the hopper pseudo-randomly, and the receiving system used already knows where to look for the signal at a given clip.Time skipingThe signal is transmitted in short explosions pseudo-randomly, and the receiving system knows when a explosion is expected.Direct sequenceVery high frequence is used to code the digital information. The codification is pse udo-randomly generated. The same codification is generated at the receiver terminal, and in order to pull out the original information this codification is multiplied to the received information watercourse.Beginning Cryptography AND DIGITAL MODULATION3.0 IntroductionDigital Modulation is performed in order to stand for digital informations in a format that is compatible with our communicating channel. Why Digital Modulation? Digital transition strategies have greater capacity to convey big sums of information than parallel transition strategies.3.1 DIGITAL DATA, DIGIITAL SIGNALDigital signal is binary informations encoded into signal elements. Different encoding strategies for encoding digital informations into digital signal are:3.1.1 Non Return to Zero ( NRZ )In NRZ there are two different electromotive force degrees for 0 and 1. There is no passage in the center of the spot. The absence of signal denotes 0 and a positive electromotive force degree denotes 1. The major drawback of NRZ strategy is that it adds a dc constituent to the signal.3.1.2 Multilevel Binary ( AMI )In this encoding strategy there are more than two degrees. No signal represents 0 and 1 is represented by some positive and negative There is no dc constituent in this strategy and besides there is no loss of synchronism for back-to-back 1 ‘s.3.1.3 Manchester CodingThere is passage in center of each spot, which acts as a clock every bit good as informations. The low to high passage represents 1 and high to low represents 0.3.1.4 Differential ManchesterIn this scheme passage at the center of the spot represents merely timing while passage at start represents 0 and no passage at start represents 1.3.2 ANALOG DATA, DIGITAL SIGNALAnalog informations is foremost converted into digital informations by utilizing parallel to digital convertors. These convertors use different techniques to finish their undertaking, some of them are:3.2.1 Pulse Code ModulationIf a signal is sampled at regular intervals at a rate higher than twice the highest signal frequence, the samples contain all the information of the original signal. Each sample is assigned a digital value. Although its quality is comparable to that of parallel t ransmittal but still in this procedure some information is lost and the original signal can ne'er be recovered.Delta ModulationAnalog input is approximated by a stairway map. Function moves up or down at each sample interval by one degree ( vitamin D ) . Delta transition is easier than PCM in execution, but it exhibits worse signal to resound ratio for the same information rate. But it is good for informations compaction.DIGITAL DATA, ANALOG SIGNALDifferent digital transition techniques are:Amplitude Shift Keying ( ASK )A transition technique in which digital information is represented as fluctuations in the amplitude of a bearer moving ridge is called Amplitude-shift keying ( ASK ) . One binary figure is represented by presence of bearer, at changeless amplitude and the other binary figure represented by absence of bearer.3.3.2 Frequency Shift Keying ( FSK )In frequence displacement identifying different frequences are used to stand for incoming digital information. Say in instance of Binary Frequency Shift Keying f1 is used to stand for 0 while f2 is used to stand for 1. In MFSK more than two frequences are used and therefore bandwidth is more expeditiously utilised.3.3.3 Phase Shift Keying ( PSK )A digital transition technique in which information is transmitted by modulating and altering the stage of the mention signal is called Phase-shift keying ( PSK ) . In instance of PSK, a finite figure of stages are used. A alone form of binary spots is assigned to each of these stages. By and large, each stage encodes an equal figure of spots. The symbol is formed by each form of spots that is represented by the peculiar stage. The bandwidth of ASK and PSK are specified as: Whereas the bandwidth of FSK is given as: Where, Roentgen is the spot rate DF = f2 – fc = fc – f1Chapter # 04CHANNEL Cryptography4.0 IntroductionWhy Channel Cryptography? In modern digital communicating systems information is represented in spot watercourses, which are so modulated to analog wave forms before being transmitted onto a channel. At receiving system this parallel information is demodulated into spot streams, but because of the presence of intervention and noise in the communicating channel this spot watercourse may be corrupted. So to minimise happening of spots in mistake and protect digital information from channel noise and intervention channel cryptography is used. How Channel Coding is performed? Additional redundant spots are added to the message informations watercourse to execute channel cryptography, these excess spots assist in mistake sensing and rectification at the receiving system ‘s terminal. Channel Coding at the cost of? Channel Coding is performed at the cost of bandwidth enlargement and information rate decrease.4.1 TYPES OF CHANNEL CODING TECHNIQUESThere are two chief types of channel coding techniques, Block Codes Convolutional Codes. Block Codes accepts thousand figure of information spots and bring forth a block of n figure of encoded spots, and therefore are normally known as ( n.k ) block codifications. Some common illustrations of block codifications are Overacting Codes and Reed Solomon Codes. Convolutional Coding is frontward error rectification technique that is presently most widely used in modern communicating systems, this peculiar technique is used for real-time mistake rectification. Unlike block codifications which append excess spots at the terminal of original message signal, Convolutional coding organize a new codeword utilizing original informations watercourse. The encoded spots are non entirely dependent on K current input spots but at the same clip on case in point input spots.4.2 CONVOLUTIONAL CODESIn this undertaking Convolutional Coding is implemented. Convolutional Codes are farther classified as 1. Trellis Coded Modulation ( TCM ) 2.Turbo Codes. Trellis Coded Modulation ( TCM ) is non recursive, non systematic and does non necessitate an interleaver. Turbo Codes on the other manus are recursive, systematic, parallel structured and they besides require interleaver. In Wideband CDMA systems TCM is used for all channels while Turbo Codes may be used for DCH and FACH channels. Turbo Codes are sometimes classified as separate subdivision of Channel Codes so from here onwards word Convolutional Code will merely be used for TCM.Types of Transmission ChannelsConvolutional Cryptography 1/2 BCH PCH DCH, FACH 1/2, 1/3 Turbo Coding 1/34.3 CONVOLUTIONAL CODE REPRESENTATIONS4.3.1 Polynomial RepresentationNo. of input information spots = K No. of encoded spots = Ns No. of phases ( Constraint Length ) = K Code Rate = k/n Encoded CodeWord = U The undermentioned illustration shows how Convolutional Codes are represented. Let g1 ( x ) and g2 ( ten ) be encoder multinomials, where g1 ( x ) = 1 + x + x2 g2 ( x ) = 1 + x2 Let input message spot stream be 101, hence input message spot stream multinomial will be, m ( x ) = 1 + x2 The encoded codeword ‘U ‘ will be combination of merchandise of g1 ( x ) with m ( x ) and g2 ( x ) with m ( x ) , m ( x ) x g1 ( x ) = 1 + 1.x + 0.x2 + 1.x3 + 1.x4 m ( x ) x g2 ( x ) = 1 + 0.x + 0.x2 + 0.x3 + 1.x4 Therefore the codeword ‘U ‘ , becomes U = ( 1,1 ) + ( 1,0 ) .x + ( 0,0 ) .x2 + ( 1,0 ) .x3 + ( 1,1 ) .x4 U = 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 14.3.2 State Transition DiagramConvolutional Coding can be represented utilizing State Transition Diagram. Following are State Transition Diagram and State Transition Again for the same input spot stream 10100, the codeword U = 11 10 00 10 11. In the input message last two '00 ‘ spots are tail spots.4.3.2 Block Diagram RepresentationThe undermentioned diagram shows block diagram representation of Convolutional Coding with Code Rate = 1/2 Constraint Length ( No. of Stages ) = 3 The undermentioned illustration illustrates the procedure of Convolutional Coding utilizing block diagram representation for input spot stream 101. So the concluding codeword becomes, U = 11 10 00 10 114.3.2 Trellis Diagram RepresentationFor input spot stream 101, the following diagram shows how Convolutional Coding is performed utilizing Trellis DiagramChapter # 05PULSE SHAPING TECHNIQUES3.0 IntroductionWhy Pulse Determining? It is done in order to cut down Inter Symbol Interference normally known as ISI. How Pulse Shaping is performed? In order to accomplish zero-ISI the overall system response must be equal to Nyquist frequence response.5.1 RAISED COSINE FILTERInter Symbol Interference significantly degrades the informations sensor ability to distinguish between a current symbol from diffused energy of next symbol. This leads to the sensing of mistake and increases BER. So in order to provide ISI, a real-time realisation of Nyquist filter is applied in modern communicating systems. Raised cosine filter is one of the realisation of Nyquist filter. where R = ‘roll-off factor ‘ = 1 ? R ? 0 and T = ‘symbol period ‘ = 1/R Roll-off factor determines the filter bandwidth and represents a tradeoff between the acuteness of the passage set of the filter and impulse response pealing magnitude of the filter. A Nyquist filter has following belongingss: Time response finally goes to zero in a clip period precisely equal to the symbol spacing. By trying the symbol sequence at a given symbol clip point, present symbol is non affected by the energy distributing from the next symbols. The impulse response and the frequence response of the RC filter is Time response of the RC filter goes to zero with a period that precisely equal to the symbol spacing. As the response equals zero at all symbol times except for the coveted one none of the next symbols interfere with each other.5.2 ROOT RAISED COSINE FILTERRC filter is divided into a root raised cosine ( RRC ) filter brace, with one at the transmitter terminal, which performs the pulsation defining in order to restrain the modulated signal bandwidth, and the other at the receiver terminal, that performs matched sensing for optimising the SNR of a known signal in AWGN presence. The Root Raised Cosine filter is so named because its transportation map precisely is the square root of the transportation map of the Raised Cosine filter. Where R = roll off factor and T is symbol period. The RRC filter bandwidth is equal to the root mean square ( RMS ) amplitude 2R. The impulse response and the frequence response of the RRC filter is Both RC and RRC have similar pulsation forms, but the RRC pulsation makes somewhat faster passages, therefore the spectrum of RRC pulsation decays more quickly every bit compared to the RC pulsation. Another of import difference between both pulsations is that the RRC pulsation does non hold zero Inter Symbol Interference. Because of the fact that RRC filter is used at sender and receiver both, the merchandise of these transportation maps is a raised cosine, which will ensue in zero ISI end product.5.3 ROLL OFF FACTORThe roll-off factor, R, is a step of the extra bandwidth of the filter, i.e. the bandwidth occupied beyond the Nyquist bandwidth of 1/2T. Where a?† f is extra bandwidth and Rs is symbol rate.Chapter # 06SPREAD SPECTRUMSpread spectrum is a type of transition where the information is spread across the full frequence spectrum. This procedure of distributing the information across the full spectrum helps signal against noise and intervention. These techniques are largely employed in cell phones and besides with wireless LAN ‘s. To measure up as a spread spectrum signal, two standards must be met The familial signal bandwidth must be in surplus of the information bandwidth. Some map other than the informations being transmitted is used to set up the bandwidth of the attendant transmittal.Why Spread Spectrum?Due to its sole and curious belongingss spread spectrum is preferred over other transition strategies. Some of these belongingss are characterized as advantages and disadvantages of a basic spread spectrum system below.Advantages†¢ It reduces the effects of multipath intervention and at times removes them wholly. †¢ Frequency set is shared at the same time with other users. †¢ Pseudo random codifications guarantee protection of transmittal and privateness. †¢ As the signal is spread over an full spectrum it has a low power spectral denseness.Disadvantages†¢ Due to distributing operation it consumes more bandwidth. †¢ It is at times hard to implement.Types of Spread Spectrum TechniquesMost normally used techniques in a spread spectrum systems are Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Frequency Hoping Spread SpectrumFrequency Hoping Spread SpectrumA frequence skiping dispersed spectrum hops from one narrow set to another all within a wider set. In general the frequence hopper sender sends informations packages at one bearer frequence and so leaps to another bearer frequence before directing ore packages and continues the same modus operandi throughout the period of transmittal. The form that emerges seems to be random but is in fact periodic and easy traceable by pre configured sender and receiving system. These systems can be vulnerable to resound at a peculiar hop but normally are able to direct packages during the following hop.Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumMost widely used technique of spread spectrum is the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. A Direct Sequence Transmitter receives the entrance informations watercourse which is to be transmitted and so change over it into a symbol watercourse where the size of a symbol can be one or more spots. Using any of the transition strategies for digital systems such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ( QAM ) or Quadrature Phase Shift Keying ( QPSK ) this symbol watercourse is multiplied to a noise like sequence known as imposter random sequence. It is besides know as a bit sequence. As a consequence of this generation the bandwidth of the transmittal is significantly increased. Figure 3. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum System Figure 3. shows the working of a basic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum system. For lucidity intents, one channel is shown working in one way merely.TransmissionFor each channel a distinguishable and different Pseudo random codification is generated. In order to distribute the informations the information watercourse is multiplied with the antecedently generated Pseudo random codification. The signal obtained as a consequence of this generation is so modulated onto a bearer. This modulated bearer wave form is so amplified before broadcast medium.ReceptionThe bearer moving ridge is amplified every bit shortly as it is received by the receiving system. The signal received is so multiplied with a locally generated bearer which gives the spreaded signal. Again a Pseudo random codification is generated on the footing of the signal expected. The procedure of correlativity is carried out on the standard signal and the generated codification which gives the original message signal.Pseudo-Random NoiseThe spread spectrum systems are constructed really similar to other conventional systems. The difference being the add-on of pseudo random generators both at the sender and the receiving system which generate the Pseudo noise sequences required for the functionality of Direct Sequence spread spectrum. These pseudo random noise sequences are used for distributing the signal at the transmitter side and dispreading at the receiver side. A pseudo noise sequence is made up of a figure of symbols which are called french friess. It is imperative that a good codification is selected for its type and length straight affects the system capableness. A alone codification is generated for each channel. All the transmittals for a peculiar user are so added together. At the receiving system each user generates its ain matching codification in order to retrieve the original signals. In order to measure up as a imposter random codification and proper functionality a codification must hold the undermentioned belongingss. The imposter random codification must be deterministic so that the receiving system can bring forth the exact codification as used by the sender It should be random for any hearer who does non hold the cognition of the codification being used so that it appears as noise to any interferer or eavesdropper. Two codifications must be indistinguishable and have no or really little relevancy to each other. The codification should non reiterate shortly there must be a long clip before that happens.Maximal length sequencesMaximal Length sequences can be generated by the aid of displacement registries with feedback applied on them. These sequences meet all the conditions for distributing sequences really purely. The cross correlativity between this sequence and noise is really low, which helps in observing signal out of noise in the receiving system. These sequences are really utile for encoding as they besides have a really low cross correlativity with each other. The entropy belongingss of maximum length sequences can be seen here.Gold SequenceIn order to make two gold sequences, two maximal length sequences are to be combined. They have a really low auto-correlation which enables CDMA systems to convey asynchronously. Gold sequences are constructed by modulo-2 add-on of two maximum length sequences of same length chosen from braces of preferable m-sequences.Walsh CodesWalsh codifications have to be created from hadamard matrices. All generated Walsh codifications would be extraneous to each other. The basic hadamard matrix is shown below. These sequences provide low cross-correlation between each other. Second, the figure of 1 ‘s is same as the figure of 1 ‘s in each codeword. By looking at the matrix above, Walsh codes with different lengths can be generated with the aid of recursion. For a clear apprehension Walsh codes with length equal to 4 are illustrated below.=Spreading the SignalSignal spreading is achieved when the signal is multiplied bitwise with the imposter random sequence. Figure 4. Below gives an penetration into how two spots are multipliied to a pseudo random sequence holding a length of 8 and the its corresponding consequence on the frequence spectrum. Spreading procedure of two spots with the aid of an 8-chip PN sequence is shown on the left side and the consequence of this distributing on the signal ‘s frequence spectrum is shown on the right side of figure. 4 Figure 4. The rule of signal spreadingDe-spreading the SignalDe-spreading of the signal is carried out by multiplying each spot of the signal to its correspond imposter random codification and the consequence is summed bitwise. Figure 5. describes the procedure of de-spreading when a imposter random signal of length 8 is used for transmittal and the de-spreaded signal is equal to the dispersed signal. De-spreading procedure of two spots with a PN sequence of 8-bit is shown on left side and the consequence of the de-spreading on the signal ‘s frequence spectrum is shown on the right. Figure 5. The rule of signal de-spreadingConsequence of Spreading on BandwidthFigure 1. As a consequence of distributing operation the signal ‘s frequence is spread over a wider bandwidth Spread spectrum transition is applied in tandem with some other digitial transition strategies such as QAM or QPSK.Consequence of Despreading on BandwidthFigure 2. The despreading operation recovers the original signal. A spread spectrum transition is applied in coherency with a conventional demodulation process in order to retrieve the original signal.Multiple Access CapabilityThe standard signal s1 is detected by the receiving system summed with the other signal s2. The signal s1 which is for user 1 is merely extracted at the receiving system for user 1 whereas the signal s2 appears to be as noise in comparing to the user 1 signal s1. This is shown in Figure 6. below For efficient recovery of the informations from user 1 it is must that the signal appearance as noise has adequately low energy in the information bandwidth of signal s1. Spreaded informations multi-users De-spreaded informations multi-users Spreaded informations multi-users De-spreaded informations multi-usersFigure 6. Multiple Access Capibility when user 1 recovers signal s1Chapter # 07DESIGN OF A CDMA BASED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM7.1 THE Sender7.1.1 Source EncodingIn order to do incoming message compatible with the communicating system beginning cryptography is used. In this undertaking NRZ encoding strategy is used so that the incoming message signal becomes compatible with the walsh codifications which are besides in NRZ signifier. NRZ encoding provides a better use of the bandwidth, besides if we compare it with AMI strategy it is more efficient because in that receiving system has to separate between three different degrees and it requires more signal power. While the Manchester and differential Manchester strategies have transition rate twice or more than that of NRZ so therefore they require greater bandwidth.7.1.2 Channel EncodingChannel encryption is performed so that spot mistakes can be reduced at the receiving system ; besides it protects the information from channel noise and intervention. In this undertaking we have used Convolutional Encoding technique and so hold tried to upgrade our system utilizing Low Density Parity Check ( LDPC ) . LDPC improves channel capacity as it approaches to Shannon capacity bound. Both Convolutional encoder and LDPC encoder organize a codeword based on the incoming message signal. We have used ? rate encoders that means that we have two input spots and the end product is traveling to be four spots. For Convolutional encoder inbuilt matlab treillage construction along with convenc bid has been used while in instance of LDPC fecldpc.enc bid is used to do LDPC object utilizing thin H matrix and so message is encoded utilizing LDPC object by encode bid.7.1.3 SpreadingThe cardinal standard of spreading is transverse correlativity and car correlativity of message symbols. In instance of a CDMA based communicating system as there are many users that at the same time transmit informations so the system must hold good cross correlativity belongingss. This generates the demand of extraneous codifications so Walsh codifications are used. Walsh codifications have good cross correlativity belongingss. In this undertaking direct sequence spread spectrum ( DSSS ) technique has been employed to distribute the signal across the full bandwidth.7.1.4 Digital TransitionTransition is a technique that facilitates the message signal to be transmitted over the medium. In instance of digital transition, digital signal is modulated utilizing amplitude displacement keying, frequence displacement keying and stage displacement identifying etc. We have implemented Binary PSK, BPSK uses two symbols that have opposite stage to each other to modulate 0 and 1.Sampling frequence of 44 kilohertzs and a information rate of 2 kilohertz has been used in this system. In instance of LDPC modulate bid has been used to modulate the signal.7.1.5 Pulse DeterminingThe consequence of inter symbol intervention ( ISI ) is minimized by the aid of pulse determining procedure. In this undertaking Root Raised Cosine Filter has been used at the transmitter side to determine the pulsation so as to restrict the bandwidth of the modulated signal. By utilizing this technique bandwidth is limited but the signal spreads in so there must be a threshold in order to counter this job, this threshold is known as Nyquist bound. It is fundamentally a low base on balls filter with a axial rotation off factor 0.5 which has been used in this undertaking.7.1.6 Symbol PackingIn symbol wadding, a preparation sequence is appended at the start and terminal of the signal. Besides in add-on to this about 1000 nothings are inserted at the terminal and start of the signal. These are added so that even if the receiving system fails to have initial spots these spots are extra nothings and non the message signal.7.2 THE CHANNELIn a communicating system channel could be wired or wireless. Different channels have different fe atures. When of all time we talk about a channel we talk about noise, it is fundamentally the unwanted electrical signal that confines the receiving system ability to take right determinations. Channel noise degrades the end product really rapidly. Small channel does n't do much difference to the end product signal but big channel noise well degrades the signal. In instance of little channel noise the lone noise that is present in the system is quantization noise. Another of import factor in a communicating system is Inter symbol intervention ( ISI ) . When the channel bandwidth is non much greater than signal bandwidth the spreading of the signal causes ISI. Normally, the radio channel is modeled with AWGN channel. A thermic noise beginning is used to distribute an equal sum of noise power per unit bandwidth over all frequences that is the ground why a simple theoretical account for thermic noise presumes that its power spectral denseness Gn ( degree Fahrenheit ) is level for all frequences, as is denoted as: Gn ( degree Fahrenheit ) = N0/2 watts/hertz7.3 THE Receiver7.3.1 SynchronismIn this system, it is assumed that the receiving system is on all the clip. Therefore whenever the sender will direct the message signal, there should be some manner through which the receiving system can find where its signal of involvement is. This can be done by correlating the preparation sequence with the standard signal. The portion where the maximal correlativity occurs would be the start of the signal and the 2nd upper limit in the correlativity would give the terminal of the message signal.7.3.2 Matched FilteringThe standard signal is passed through root raised cosine filter in order to execute matched filtering and down trying at the receiver terminal. Normally RC filter is divided into a root raised cosine ( RRC ) filter brace, with one at the transmitter terminal, which performs the pulsation defining in order to restrain the modulated signal bandwidth, and the other at the receiver terminal, that performs matched sensing for optimising SNR of a known signal in AWGN presence.7.3.3 DemodulationThe signal is demodulated by multiplying it by the bearer signal. The end product would be demodulated signal, but this demodulated signal would be sum of all the spreaded signals.7.3.4 DespreadingIn order to pull out the single message signal of each user, the spreaded signal is so once more multiplied by the Walsh codification and is so integrated over a symbol clip.7.3.5 Channel DecodingIf the channel cryptography was non employed by the sender, so the despreaded messages would be the standard signals. In the channel coding instance, the signal will hold to be decoded by utilizing the viterbi decrypting map in matlab.7.3.6 Source DecodingWhile executing beginning cryptography we had used NRZ encoding strategy, so now at the receiving system this encoded message is once more decoded back to its original signifier.

An Analysis of Becoming a Visible Man by J. Green - 879 Words

Becoming a Visible Man was an insightful and intriguing book to read for this course. It first caught my attention with the picture of the author on the cover smiling next to a billboard of a man bursting through water, almost as if he was being reborn. The process of being reborn was then seen as a common theme throughout the autobiography. The concepts of transsexualism caught my attention during class because I was least familiar with this sub population of individuals within the queer community. I strived to know more about the understandings of what it was like to go through changes in gender, its effects on relationships both sexual and non, as well as the emotional struggle that some people faced with themselves through the process†¦show more content†¦He had achieved the shock value not only with myself as the reader, but ultimately who he was addressing. Jamison had been an educator of trans people, speaking out to audiences of college students of all ages. His goal of educating the public stemmed from his own experiences with choosing to change genders as well as a broad overview of the ideas that surrounded transsexualism as a whole. He communicates well that his experiences do not encompass all transgendered people’s experiences and that transformation from male to female (MTF) is quite different from female to male (FTM) transformation. The societal complications from FTM are well examined from Jamison’s view. Many people believed that females that wanted to become males could By the time he was in his early 20s, Jamison knew he a part of him wanted to be transsexual, but he was afraid to acquire treatment because he was scared of what loved ones, strangers, and society would think of him. He believed the social mythology that one must be seriously psychologically imbalanced to perform such an act as actually changing ones sex (Green, 2004). 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